To plan and organize the site effectively, it is not enough to determine the appearance of the site and the location of the files, but it requires a review of the objectives and profiles of the recipients. It should be also taken into consideration the key for navigating the site. A careful planning before starting operations development of the site allows a lot of time later.
Determine the purpose Site To this end, it is appropriate to formulate a series of questions about the site itself and its customers and note the objectives to keep everything into consideration during the design process. With a list of specific objectives, the creation of a Web site that responds in a precise and targeted special needs is easier. The complexity of the objectives influence browsing, the media used and even the appearance of the site. For example, the appearance and navigation of a Web site dedicated to the field of archaeological information will be greatly different from those of a site dedicated to the sale of appliances.
Deciding who should have one site This question may seem unnecessary because generally it is expected that all visit its Web site. However, it is difficult to create a Web site that can be used by anyone. The various computer users all over the world use different browser, connect to different speeds, or may have less of a plug and multimedia use different types of devices for viewing Internet content. All these factors affecting the use of the site and therefore determine the type of recipients represents a crucial step in the early stages of planning.
Navigation scheme of the site in a map shows the relationship between Web pages. In particular, it describes as exploring the site through links and how to interact with the interfaces. Once you have created a draft navigation of the site, you can present the preliminary outline a customer or members of its group.
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Monday, March 24, 2008
Monday, March 17, 2008
XHTML Authentic
The XHTML has a foothold among developers, and real standards feel now practically obliged to use this language instead of HTML.
In most cases, however, XHTML is served as HTML. This article is born because many do not even know what we are talking about to program in XHTML not just enter the attributes quoted and add DOCTYPE right!
To get a true XHTML file, which is interpreted by the user agent as such (as XML, see "what XHTML?"), It is necessary to take some whose existence and need is ignored by most webmasters.
If serve as HTML not only deprive us of all the advantages of this language, but provide the user agent instructions wrong.For those who do consciously, because of support, and are actively planning using XHTML compatible with HTML, you can stop reading.
This article will show you who has never seen one of its pages truncated by an error caused by a '&' unencoded the true XHTML, but does not criticize those who have consciously chosen text / html.
MIME Type
I mentioned that quasi all sites programmed in XHTML (valid or not) are not actually true file XHTML. Most use dell'XHTML syntax, but are interpreted by the user-agent Communism as HTML files.And common thinking that if we specify the DOCTYPE for XHTML, our browser automatically understands that must interpret the code as such. Unfortunately, it is not at all the case.
When we ask a file server, it includes a MIME type in the answer. The MIME type tells the browser what sort of file server has returned.
The attribute application / zip, for example, tells the browser or user-agent that the file is a zip file, and this will decide what to do with
it. For a Zip file, it may take the row Winzip or a similar program and extract the files included in the archive. Other examples can be image / jpeg for a picture, or video / mpeg for a video.
HTML files are shipped with a MIME type text / html. This tells the browser that the file is an HTML file, and can begin to interpret the tags as usual: the problem is precisely that.
There is no reason why the XHTML should not have its MIME type, and in fact here here: application / xhtml + xml. If a file is sent as application / xhtml + xml, a browser that supports XHTML knows that he has been working with a file, and will use its XML parser to interpret the tags. This is the only way to interpret the code correctly.
Unfortunately, the files X HTML in 99% of cases with a MIME type text / html (and see why shortly). And 'why so many sites, though programmed in X HTML, are interpreted as common HTML. Nor. In reality as HTML incorrect, since the browser dell'HTMl follows the rules, but we have added extra bars quotes and unexpected.
Problems with MIME application / xhtml + xml
Unfortunately it is not so automatic browser to get to the right MIME type. If you have used the extension. Html for your files, this could be the reason why are interpreted as HTML even if the code is XHTML. The servers are almost all set to send the MIME type text / html if the extension is. Html,. Php or similar.
Indeed, the simplest way to resolve this problem would be to use the extension. Xhtml, but this may create problems for different types of browsers, especially if dated, and also some servers are not configured for this extension.
Specify the DOCTYPE for XHTML does not mean that the file is kind XHTML and not do anything with regard to the interpretation of user-agent. The meta-tag content type is equally useless, if the server sends a header that includes the MIME type of text-html!
So how can we do?Solutions
The only sure way to serve our file with the MIME type right, forcing the user-agent to interpret files as genuine XHTML, is swellhead intervene. There are several ways to do this. Let's look at some methods ...
Changing header with PHP
If our site is in PHP (or similar language) header can intervene in order to change it before the browser loads the page. The PHP code to be inserted use exactly to the top (otherwise mean that the browser has already started to load the page, and it will be too late):
In most cases, however, XHTML is served as HTML. This article is born because many do not even know what we are talking about to program in XHTML not just enter the attributes quoted and add DOCTYPE right!
To get a true XHTML file, which is interpreted by the user agent as such (as XML, see "what XHTML?"), It is necessary to take some whose existence and need is ignored by most webmasters.
If serve as HTML not only deprive us of all the advantages of this language, but provide the user agent instructions wrong.For those who do consciously, because of support, and are actively planning using XHTML compatible with HTML, you can stop reading.
This article will show you who has never seen one of its pages truncated by an error caused by a '&' unencoded the true XHTML, but does not criticize those who have consciously chosen text / html.
MIME Type
I mentioned that quasi all sites programmed in XHTML (valid or not) are not actually true file XHTML. Most use dell'XHTML syntax, but are interpreted by the user-agent Communism as HTML files.And common thinking that if we specify the DOCTYPE for XHTML, our browser automatically understands that must interpret the code as such. Unfortunately, it is not at all the case.
When we ask a file server, it includes a MIME type in the answer. The MIME type tells the browser what sort of file server has returned.
The attribute application / zip, for example, tells the browser or user-agent that the file is a zip file, and this will decide what to do with
it. For a Zip file, it may take the row Winzip or a similar program and extract the files included in the archive. Other examples can be image / jpeg for a picture, or video / mpeg for a video.
HTML files are shipped with a MIME type text / html. This tells the browser that the file is an HTML file, and can begin to interpret the tags as usual: the problem is precisely that.
There is no reason why the XHTML should not have its MIME type, and in fact here here: application / xhtml + xml. If a file is sent as application / xhtml + xml, a browser that supports XHTML knows that he has been working with a file, and will use its XML parser to interpret the tags. This is the only way to interpret the code correctly.
Unfortunately, the files X HTML in 99% of cases with a MIME type text / html (and see why shortly). And 'why so many sites, though programmed in X HTML, are interpreted as common HTML. Nor. In reality as HTML incorrect, since the browser dell'HTMl follows the rules, but we have added extra bars quotes and unexpected.
Problems with MIME application / xhtml + xml
Unfortunately it is not so automatic browser to get to the right MIME type. If you have used the extension. Html for your files, this could be the reason why are interpreted as HTML even if the code is XHTML. The servers are almost all set to send the MIME type text / html if the extension is. Html,. Php or similar.
Indeed, the simplest way to resolve this problem would be to use the extension. Xhtml, but this may create problems for different types of browsers, especially if dated, and also some servers are not configured for this extension.
Specify the DOCTYPE for XHTML does not mean that the file is kind XHTML and not do anything with regard to the interpretation of user-agent. The meta-tag content type is equally useless, if the server sends a header that includes the MIME type of text-html!
So how can we do?Solutions
The only sure way to serve our file with the MIME type right, forcing the user-agent to interpret files as genuine XHTML, is swellhead intervene. There are several ways to do this. Let's look at some methods ...
Changing header with PHP
If our site is in PHP (or similar language) header can intervene in order to change it before the browser loads the page. The PHP code to be inserted use exactly to the top (otherwise mean that the browser has already started to load the page, and it will be too late):
Monday, March 10, 2008
12 lessons for learning CSS and web standards
Learning to use style sheets takes time and patience, and it should not arrive unprepared up.
For all those who have some problems with the English technical or want to read a summary, here's a translation (free) which can clarify things better than many unnecessary discussions about CSS.
Lesson No. 1: Everything you know is useless .. Or almost
Start working with CSS is a quick coup sponge. Hard to admit, but it's true. We must prepare to scratch and start from scratch to learn all the best techniques. Of course, remain valid all knowledge on web design, programming, usability, etc. ..
Lesson No. 2: Do not appear in the same way everywhere
Obviously, the reference is to rendering of the various browsers. It is difficult to achieve the same results on Firebox, Internet Explorer, Opera, Safari .. No substantial differences, but often present.
Lesson No. 3: Often you must choose the lesser of two evils
In developing a site, will sooner or later the need to make compromises. There are sites where you will have to waive some features scheduled departure, limitations on accessibility, and so on.
Lesson No. 4: The perfection is reached not when there's nothing more to add, but when there is no longer anything to take away
It is easy to convert from a site in a layout of tables filling div tags and unnecessary. Overloading the code does not serve, and it is best to remove all non-essential in order to have a page as easy as possible.
Lesson No. 5: Some sites will require attention to the coherence of pages
If the graphic designer does not deal with other aspects of development of a site, you must be careful to maintain a certain consistency in all pages. Having too many elements unique to each page could lead to an increase in costs, especially harmful in small projects.
Lesson No. 6: Inevitable development time longer
Currently, CSS is not supported in the same way by all browsers, and until they learn by heart all the differences, it will take more time to test and verify that work is consistent on each user agent. You will, however, great advantages in the later stages of maintenance and updating.
Lesson No. 7: Contained coherent and ordered bring great benefits
If you have been attentive to the semantics of the code and the coherence of contents, have many advantages: from to maintain the structure html unchanged in the future redesign of the site, the navigation keys finally possible.
Lesson No. 8: The selectors descendants are a must
The classic mistake of those who are beginners with CSS is filling the div code, and give each element a container or id. And unnecessary, and often to solve every problem just learn to manage selectors descendants. If you need explanations .. Also ask more details in the comments!
Lesson No. 9: Using CSS hack sometimes be necessary
If a project will have short, and you have to resolve some mistakes display, the route will be required to use the hack in your style sheets. Not elegant, but often necessary to return to time and cost.
Lesson No. 10: Solving bug could lead to other problems
Solving a bug, is likely to present some new problem, perhaps on a different browser. It is not a matter seamless, just knowing how to find the right way.
Lesson No. 11: There will be surprises in layout to columns
With a 2-3 layout columns, will often display problems. To resolve them, generally you must always specify height and width of many elements, along with property and float clear. This runs counter to 4 lesson, but had not even mentioned the need to find compromises?
Lesson No. 12: The background images make the difference
Using background images through CSS often will be an excellent solution to improve the graphic impact of the site. Without then consider the benefits to search engines and screen reader, which will instead textual content in the code.
For all those who have some problems with the English technical or want to read a summary, here's a translation (free) which can clarify things better than many unnecessary discussions about CSS.
Lesson No. 1: Everything you know is useless .. Or almost
Start working with CSS is a quick coup sponge. Hard to admit, but it's true. We must prepare to scratch and start from scratch to learn all the best techniques. Of course, remain valid all knowledge on web design, programming, usability, etc. ..
Lesson No. 2: Do not appear in the same way everywhere
Obviously, the reference is to rendering of the various browsers. It is difficult to achieve the same results on Firebox, Internet Explorer, Opera, Safari .. No substantial differences, but often present.
Lesson No. 3: Often you must choose the lesser of two evils
In developing a site, will sooner or later the need to make compromises. There are sites where you will have to waive some features scheduled departure, limitations on accessibility, and so on.
Lesson No. 4: The perfection is reached not when there's nothing more to add, but when there is no longer anything to take away
It is easy to convert from a site in a layout of tables filling div tags and unnecessary. Overloading the code does not serve, and it is best to remove all non-essential in order to have a page as easy as possible.
Lesson No. 5: Some sites will require attention to the coherence of pages
If the graphic designer does not deal with other aspects of development of a site, you must be careful to maintain a certain consistency in all pages. Having too many elements unique to each page could lead to an increase in costs, especially harmful in small projects.
Lesson No. 6: Inevitable development time longer
Currently, CSS is not supported in the same way by all browsers, and until they learn by heart all the differences, it will take more time to test and verify that work is consistent on each user agent. You will, however, great advantages in the later stages of maintenance and updating.
Lesson No. 7: Contained coherent and ordered bring great benefits
If you have been attentive to the semantics of the code and the coherence of contents, have many advantages: from to maintain the structure html unchanged in the future redesign of the site, the navigation keys finally possible.
Lesson No. 8: The selectors descendants are a must
The classic mistake of those who are beginners with CSS is filling the div code, and give each element a container or id. And unnecessary, and often to solve every problem just learn to manage selectors descendants. If you need explanations .. Also ask more details in the comments!
Lesson No. 9: Using CSS hack sometimes be necessary
If a project will have short, and you have to resolve some mistakes display, the route will be required to use the hack in your style sheets. Not elegant, but often necessary to return to time and cost.
Lesson No. 10: Solving bug could lead to other problems
Solving a bug, is likely to present some new problem, perhaps on a different browser. It is not a matter seamless, just knowing how to find the right way.
Lesson No. 11: There will be surprises in layout to columns
With a 2-3 layout columns, will often display problems. To resolve them, generally you must always specify height and width of many elements, along with property and float clear. This runs counter to 4 lesson, but had not even mentioned the need to find compromises?
Lesson No. 12: The background images make the difference
Using background images through CSS often will be an excellent solution to improve the graphic impact of the site. Without then consider the benefits to search engines and screen reader, which will instead textual content in the code.
Monday, March 3, 2008
Some Guidelines for beginners
When you begin web designing,you should design an attractive website.A website can be designed with the help of a free software that itself is easy to use. Except this, you can learn more from a complete tutorial on the web. In these tutorials, you can get step-by-step procedure of making your own web page,site map and comment forms. Any website can be updated and improved from these tips which are basic aspects of the software.
There are so many considerations that must be taken into account when a website is planned and designed.Your design should be attractive and should be able to catch visitor's attractions. A designer should keep all the things in mind to make design simple,user friendly,easy navigation.Design Complexity should be reduced to the considerable extent.A web design is able to catch the attraction of visitors. Proximity of making bookmark the page by the visitors is increased accordingly. Website design should be validated and seo compliant.It should be of such type so that search engine optimization principles can be applied easily.
There are so many considerations that must be taken into account when a website is planned and designed.Your design should be attractive and should be able to catch visitor's attractions. A designer should keep all the things in mind to make design simple,user friendly,easy navigation.Design Complexity should be reduced to the considerable extent.A web design is able to catch the attraction of visitors. Proximity of making bookmark the page by the visitors is increased accordingly. Website design should be validated and seo compliant.It should be of such type so that search engine optimization principles can be applied easily.
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